1.防水砂漿
1. Waterproof mortar
防水砂漿是一種抗?jié)B性高的砂漿。防水砂漿層又稱剛性防水層，適用于不受震動(dòng)和具有一定剛度的混凝土或磚石砌體的外表，關(guān)于變形較大或可能發(fā)作不平均沉陷的建筑物，都不宜采用剛性防水層。
Waterproof mortar is a kind of mortar with high impermeability. Waterproof mortar layer, also known as rigid waterproof layer, is suitable for the appearance of concrete or masonry masonry which is not subject to vibration and has certain stiffness. For buildings with large deformation or uneven settlement, it is not appropriate to use rigid waterproof layer.
防水砂漿按其組成可分為：多層抹面水泥砂漿、摻防水劑防水砂漿、收縮水泥防水砂漿和摻聚合物防水砂漿四類。
Waterproof mortar can be divided into four categories according to its composition: multi-layer coated cement mortar, waterproof mortar with waterproof agent, shrinkage cement waterproof mortar and polymer waterproof mortar.
常用的防水劑有氯化物金屬鹽類防水劑、水玻璃類防水劑和金屬皂類防水劑等。
Commonly used waterproofing agents are chloride metal salt waterproofing agent, sodium silicate waterproofing agent and metal soap waterproofing agent.
防水砂漿的防滲效果在很大水平上取決于施工質(zhì)量，因而施工時(shí)要嚴(yán)厲控制原資料質(zhì)量和配合比。防水砂漿層普通分四層或五層施工，每層厚約5mm，每層在初凝前壓實(shí)一遍，一層要停止壓光。抹完后要增強(qiáng)養(yǎng)護(hù)，避免脫水過快形成干裂?？傊畡傂苑浪匦璞ＷC砂漿的密實(shí)性，對(duì)施工操作請(qǐng)求高，否則難以取得理想的防水效果。
The anti-seepage effect of waterproof mortar depends on the construction quality to a great extent, so the quality of raw materials and mix proportion should be strictly controlled during construction. Waterproof mortar layer is usually constructed in four or five layers, each layer is about 5mm thick, each layer is compacted once before initial setting, and the first layer should stop calendering. After wiping, the maintenance should be strengthened to avoid drying and cracking due to excessive dehydration. In short, rigid waterproofing must ensure the compactness of mortar and require high construction operation, otherwise it is difficult to achieve ideal waterproofing effect.
2.保溫砂漿
2. Thermal insulation mortar
保溫砂漿又稱絕熱砂漿，是采用水泥、石灰和石膏等膠凝資料與收縮珍珠巖或收縮蛭石、陶砂等輕質(zhì)多孔骨料按一定比例配合制成的砂漿。貴州砂漿保溫砂漿具有輕質(zhì)、保溫隔熱、吸聲等性能，其導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)為0.07~0.10W/(m·K)，可用于屋面保溫層、保溫墻壁以及供熱管道保溫層等處。
Thermal insulation mortar, also known as adiabatic mortar, is a mortar made of cement, lime and gypsum and shrinkage perlite or shrinkage vermiculite, ceramics and other light porous aggregates in a certain proportion. Guizhou mortar thermal insulation mortar has the properties of light weight, thermal insulation, sound absorption and so on. Its thermal conductivity is 0.07-0.10W/(m.K). It can be used in roof thermal insulation layer, thermal insulation wall and thermal insulation layer of heating pipeline.
常用的保溫砂漿有水泥收縮珍珠砂漿、水泥收縮蛭石砂漿和水泥石灰收縮蛭石砂漿等。隨著國內(nèi)節(jié)能減排工作的推進(jìn)，涌現(xiàn)出眾多新型墻體保溫資料，其中EPS(聚苯乙烯)顆粒保溫砂漿就是一種得到普遍應(yīng)用的新型外保溫砂漿，其采用分層抹灰的工藝，大厚度可達(dá)100mm，此砂漿保溫、隔熱、阻燃、耐久。
The commonly used thermal insulation mortars are cement shrinkage Pearl mortar, cement shrinkage vermiculite mortar and cement lime shrinkage vermiculite mortar. With the development of energy saving and emission reduction in China, many new wall insulation materials have emerged. EPS (polystyrene) granular insulation mortar is a new type of external insulation mortar which is widely used. It uses layered plastering technology, and its thickness can reach 100 mm. This mortar has the characteristics of thermal insulation, thermal insulation, flame retardant and durability.
3.吸聲砂漿
3. Sound-absorbing mortar
普通絕熱砂漿是由輕質(zhì)多孔骨料制成的，都具有吸聲性能。另外，也能夠用水泥、石膏、砂、鋸末按體積比為：1:1:3:5配制成吸聲砂漿，或在石灰、石膏砂漿中摻入玻璃纖維和礦棉等松軟纖維資料制成。吸聲砂漿主要用于室內(nèi)墻壁戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)頂。
Ordinary adiabatic mortar is made of light porous aggregate and has sound absorption properties. In addition, it can also be made of cement, gypsum, sand and sawdust according to volume ratio: 1:1:3:5 to make sound-absorbing mortar, or mixed with soft fibers such as glass fiber and mineral wool in lime and gypsum mortar. Sound-absorbing mortar is mainly used for indoor wall war roof.
4.耐酸砂漿
4. Acid Resistant Mortar
用水玻璃(硅酸鈉)與氟硅酸鈉拌制成耐酸砂漿，有時(shí)也可摻入石英巖、花崗巖、鑄石等粉狀細(xì)骨料。水玻璃硬化后具有很好的耐酸性能。耐酸砂漿多用作襯砌資料、耐酸空中和耐酸容器的內(nèi)壁防護(hù)層。
Sodium silicate and sodium fluosilicate are mixed to make acid-resistant mortar. Sometimes, fine aggregates such as quartzite, granite and cast stone can also be mixed. Water glass has good acid resistance after hardening. Acid-resistant mortar is mostly used as lining material, acid-resistant air and inner wall protective layer of acid-resistant container.
5.裝飾砂漿
5. Decorative mortar
裝飾砂漿是直接用于建筑物內(nèi)表面面，以進(jìn)步建筑物裝飾藝術(shù)性為主要目的抹面砂漿。它是常用的裝飾手腕之一。裝飾砂漿的底層和中層抹灰與普通抹面砂漿根本相同，主要是裝飾砂漿的面層，要選用具有一定顏色的膠凝資料和骨料以及采用某種特殊的操作工藝，使外表呈現(xiàn)出各種不同的顏色、線條與花紋等裝飾效果。
Decorative mortar is a kind of plastering mortar which is directly used on the inner surface of buildings to improve the decorative art of buildings. It is one of the commonly used decorative wrists. The bottom and middle plastering of decorative mortar are basically the same as that of ordinary plastering mortar, mainly the surface layer of decorative mortar. Cementing materials and aggregates with a certain color and some special operation technology should be selected to make the appearance show various decorative effects such as different colors, lines and patterns.
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